Osteoporosis is a condition in which a progressive decrease in the density of bones weakens the bones, making fractures likely.

Bones contain minerals, such as calcium and phosphorous, which make them hard and dense. To maintain bone density, the body requires an adequate supply of calcium and other minerals and must produce the proper amounts of several hormones, such as parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, calcitonin, estrogen and testosterone. An adequate supply of Vitamin D is also needed to absorb calcium from food and incorporate it into bones. Vitamin D is absorbed from the diet and also manufactured in the skin by sunlight.

For more information on Osteoporosis, click on the link to access the Merck Manual of Medical Information - Home Edition.

Osteoporosis-related fractures have been recognized as a major health problem, particularly in the elderly. In 1997, the incidence of hip fracture in Malaysia among individuals above 50 years of age was 90 per 100 000. Hip fractures are associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate of up to 20% in the first year.

The majority who survive are disabled and only 25% will resume normal activities. The direct hospitalization cost for hip fracture in 1997 is estimated conservatively at RM 22 million.